LEGAL COLOUMB

LEGAL COLOUMB

The dielectric constant of the material 8854 x 10-12 farad / m (dielectric constant of vacuum)ar = unit vector that began on a charge that has a direction toward the radial direction away (out). When both the charge is opposite the sign (-).

Furthermore, the dimensions (dielectric constant) can be written as in equation.  

ELECTRICAL FIELD

Whenever a charge contained in a collection charge is close to the other, then usually there is a force (force). The area affected by the charge group is called the field strength per unit charge.Intentitas power or field strength can be defined:F = Force (force) acting on a small charge dQBecause  (1.4)If Q1 = Q2 = QThen;  (1.5)The unit of E becomes

ELECTRIC FLUX DENSITY

An electric charge would be able to cause a rise in the flux that flows away from the charge. Flux density (D) is the number of flux lines are cut perpendicular to a plane per unit area. She is a vector quantity and its direction is parallel to the line flux. Example of a point charge of Q, the electric flux density at jaraj r of the point charge is:  = Area of ​​face of the ball with radius rar = unit vector having a direction out of the surface of the ball.This equation is valid for isotropic materials in which the value does not depend on direction. When the measurement depends on the direction of the D and E are not parallel and E a tensor.1.1.4 Gauss theoremGauss theorem explains that the amount of electric flux coming out of a closed surface is equal to the sum of the charges are hidden by the surface. If charges are terselunungi surface is Q1, Q2, Q3, ... ... .... Qi, Qn, where Q is positive or negative then the possibility of mathematically this theorem states:  (1.7)WhereD = flux at the meetingLocated dititik center of the surface elements are written as ds. Integration covers the entire surface.When a shaped charge is continuous with the charge density of P, the equation becomes:  (1.8)Integration covers the entire contents of the veiled by such surface.1. 2 PARAMETERS DielectricDielectric parameters can be distinguished by:1) Dielectric Constant2) Dipole Moment3) Polarization4) Ability held a Polarization1.2.1 the dielectric constantThe equation D = . E shows the relationship between the electric flux density and electric field strength. Comparison value  is the dielectric constant of a material. When the medium in which the electric field in the vacuum dielectric constants are: 0 = 8.854 x 10-12 (1.9)Dielectric constant can be written as:  (1.10)So it can be written:                 d dThe electric field E produces a force on both the load and also on the dipole moment. The distance between the charge increased to (d + x). So this means that the electric field induces a dipole moment of PIND = e-. x in the molecule.PIND is proportional to E so p ind  1. E 1 = Named ionic polarization capability.Because of the polarization along the polarization results on the volume of gas is:P = pe + pi (1:32)Where:electronic dipole moment pe =pi = the dipole moment of ionicp = N (e +   i) E (1:33)1.3.3 Polarization OrientationIt happens to atoms such as CO2, NO2, H2O, where Momennya as follows:a) b) c)p pr pOn the atomic arrangement of this kind that has a dipole moment = o when no electric field. A charged atom (+) and B-charged (-). In the arrangement of atoms such as (b) there is a dipole moment is not affected even if the electric field. Therefore he called atoms that have a permanent dipole moment (pp).Whenever there is an electric field, then Pp will be screened in the direction of the electric field E for E causes torsion on Pp. This event is called Polarization Oriental Po. Suppose two charges (see Figure 1.6)Q +dEQ-Figure 1.6 Polarization OrientalA force of trying to rotate the dipole QED is thus parallel to the direction of E.1.3.4 Polarization interfacialHave described three kinds of polarization capabilities, namely: ionic polarization, electronic and oriental. The third kind of polarization is generally caused because the local bound charges on the atoms in the molecule or in the structure of liquid or solid material.But there are also charge carriers that can move within a certain distance within the dielectric. For example the free charge carriers can berbindah within a crystal when an electric field is affected. These carriers may be trapped in a place where there suppose impurities and other ingredients. His influence is the concentration of charge. This is called interfacial polarization (Ps).  E = 0 EFigure 1.7 Polarization interfacialTherefore the polarization that occurs in multi-phase materials where there is a permanent dipole for P = Pe + Pi + Po + Ps. Oriental polarization occurs in a weak field and low temperatures.  ; K = constant of BoltzmanSo  o =;  o = the ability of polarisationSo overall Polarization  Since P o =  ( r + 1). EO  ( r + 1) =Polarization in single-phase materials are:P = Pe + Pi + Po + Ps= (1:38)1. 4

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIELD electrostatic ANALOGY AND ELECTRIC FIELDS

Field measurements on a model by using the analogy between electromagnetic fields and static electric field can use the relationship as follows:ELECTRICAL FIELD FIELD Electrostatic AnalogyDistribution of field lines and lines of equal potential follow the same mathematical laws in every thing, and only depends on the geometry and material used. Therefore the dielectric flux density has to do with the current density and dielectric determination of the electrostatic field that is displayed with a specific jetting capabilities (specific conductivity) k of the electric field. When the resistance R (in ohms), then the capacitance of C can be calculated by the equation:(1.39)This analogy is the basic relationship used in the electrolyte vessel and for the simulation of the electric field by using conductive paper (which can be energi