Life is almost abstruse present in the upstream river bounded by the walls of the crater of Mount Ijen it. Water acidity (pH) in the upstream river reaches Banyupahit 0.8 (neutral pH 7) to make it like a flowing river water toxic to life. "From Banyupahit, acidic water is then channeled to the river Banyuputih, who previously met with Sun River water and the air-Sengon neutral pH," says researcher Technology Development Center of Investigation and Kegunungapian (BPPTK) Yogyakarta, Sri Sumarti, beginning November 2011. "In Banyuputih water acidity range 3-4." That evening, Sri indicate acidic water traveling from the crater down to the River Banyuputih, which for many years to poison thousands of citizens of the Village Pillows, District Asembagus, Situbondo, East Java.
Seepage
Sri said the acid in river water levels are caused by water seepage Banyupahit Ijen crater. "There are parts of the crater lake that is not water that seeps out of the lake," said Sri examining the Ijen crater since 1996. "Seepage was then emerging as a source of water for the River Banyupahit." Seepage water from the crater of Ijen, according to Sri, occurred at an altitude of 1850 masl.
However, according to Stephanie Palmer, in his thesis statement "Hydrogeochemistry of the upper Banyu Bitter River valley, volcano crater" (2008), pollution of the River Banyupahit nothing to do with the leaking of Ijen crater. The conclusion was made after identifying three springs in the upper Banyupahit acid. He then compared the chemical composition of the water.
The first springs located to the west of the crater, according to Palmer, the seepage of water leakage crater at an altitude of 2090 meters above sea level with a pH of less than 1. At this location, spread gypsum fields that are the result of water meeting acid reaction with limestone rocks. However, the flow of these springs disappeared into the ground.
Other springs at an altitude of 2075 meters above sea level and has a water content of the crater. This water flowed on the surface only for a moment, then returned to seep into the ground. Acidic springs are the lowest third (1975 masl) and marked with yellow-green water. Palmer argues, the spring water was not associated with Ijen crater on the grounds of different chemical composition of water with the water of the crater.
The first spring seepage water contains 95 percent of the crater and 5 percent of groundwater. The third spring that has a 15.4 liter per second discharge is a product of hydrothermal, magma activity results are not related to Mount Ijen crater with water."Banyupahit get acid water from this spring, instead of 'leakage' of water of the crater as the assumption for this," he said.
Acidic springs that is what, according to Palmer, then contaminate Banyupahit and Banyuputih. Meanwhile, two other acidic springs that flow into the Earth dissipate its impact is unknown because no contact with surface water.
Ijen Crater
From any source of water and acid in Banyupahit Banyuputih, Ijen complex activity is concerned. The biggest threat in the form of breakdown Ijen crater lake that holds 30 million cubic meters of acidic water with pH from 0 to 0.8. If it touched the skin may itch, and even blisters.
Has a length of 800 meters and 700 meters wide with a depth of 180 meters, Ijen crater lake is one of the largest in the world of aqueous acid. In the other hemisphere, a number of acidic springs at Mount Poas in Costa Rica. In New Zealand, Ruapehu volcano activity polluting the Whangaehu River.
Sri Sumarti said the crater of Mount Ijen (2346 masl) is located on the eastern edge of the ancient caldera Ijen, which formed about 50,000 years ago. Previously, Mount Ijen ancient conical altitude 3500 meters above sea level. Bottom of the crater of Mount Ijen is impermeable to water accommodated and eventually form a crater lake. "On the other mountains, such as Kelud, potentially acidic water formed. However, because the mountain was erupting frequently, have not had time to form acidic eruptions have occurred, "he said.
In contrast to the rare eruption of Mount Ijen. As a result, gas water forming acids, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), and hydrochloric acid (HCl), continues to accumulate. "If these elements react with water for hundreds of years, will be the acid water," said Sri.
Highly acidic water that resembles a battery acid which is the biggest threat of Mount Ijen. "Ijen not kidding. If it erupts, it could lead to 'tsunami' battery water, "said Head of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG) Surono. Since the status of Ijen into standby (level III) on December 18, 2011, and the researchers Surono volcano of Mount Ijen PVMBG continue to monitor. Historically, the eruption had caused great destruction Ijen.
According to Taverne (1926) in Kusumadinata (1979), when the 1817 eruption, mudslide Ijen send the most acidic water through Banyupahit River. In fact, Banyupahit is upstream of the river valley inhabited Banyuputih 12 000 inhabitants. In fact, according to Palmer, the eruption in 1817 that has spilled the contents of the lake and caused mudslides that reach the city of Banyuwangi acid, over 25 kilometers of Ijen.
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